Level 2 or lower secondary education (less commonly junior secondary education) is considered the second and final phase of , and level 3 upper secondary education or senior secondary education is the stage before . Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them. Secondary education typically takes place after six years of and is followed by or employment. In most countries secondary education is at least until the age of 16. Children typically enter the lower secondary phase around age 12. Compulsory education sometimes extends to age 20 and further.
Since 1989, education has been seen as a basic human right for a child; Article 28, of the states that primary education should be free and compulsory while different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, should be available and accessible to every child. The terminology has proved difficult, and there was no universal definition before ISCED divided the period between primary education and university into junior secondary education and upper secondary education.
In classical and medieval times, secondary education was provided by the church for the sons of nobility and to boys preparing for universities and the priesthood. As trade required navigational and scientific skills, the church expanded the curriculum and widened the intake. With the .the state began taking control of learning from the church, and with and education changed from being repetition of Latin text to building up knowledge in the child. Education was for the few. Up to the middle of the 19th century, secondary schools were organised to satisfy the needs of different social classes with the labouring classes getting four years, the merchant class five years, and the elite getting seven years. The rights to a secondary education were codified after 1945, and some countries are moving to mandatory and free secondary education for all youth under 19.
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